The Teaching of Water.
Basics of hydrological research
SCIENCE CAN DO THIS
Humans are made up of 71% water. Have you ever thought about how this can work?
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Water is die chemical compound H2O, consisting of the elements oxygen (O) and hydrogen (H). It's the only one natural Fabric used in solid, liquid and gaseous state occurs.Its parameters, such as density, surface tension, conductivity, etc., can be adjusted in the laboratory as required.
For example, to create a natural skin disinfectant, we adjust the parameters of the water to render harmful bacteria, fungi and viruses harmless, but without damaging the skin's natural barrier. The result: a disinfectant made from pure water that does not dry out the skin.
THE PRINCIPLE
We shape water.
Think of the architecture of the water as a building made of nothing but small building blocks. With the help of a bioreactor, we can adapt these building blocks to our needs. The available parameters are the physical, chemical, electrical and optical properties of the raw material water.
And as with any building, the building materials are manufactured according to need. In the case of water, for example, the pH value, redox value, conductivity, surface tension, etc. are increased or decreased. Depending on the blueprint, this gives it new properties that can be used in different areas.
As functional as necessary. As natural as possible.
In most cases, the impetus for the development of our products comes directly from the user. From farmers who no longer want to use pesticides, by hospitals looking for an effective alternative to disinfectants, or by private users who no longer want to dump toxic chemicals into their pool. And it is not uncommon for the answer to one problem to solve three more. We communicate with all users across all industries and thus find solutions "out of the box".
Think one step further.
We live in a cycle that does not end with the finished product, but begins with the reintegration of used resources. Water has always used this energy to keep the ecosystem running: liquid evaporates, becomes liquid again, becomes rain. But it's always water. And yet we use vapor very differently than liquid.
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So easy.So effective.
In the redox reaction, the oxidation states of the atoms change through electrotransfer.
THE REDOX POTENTIAL
In the redox reaction, two partners react with each other. In the course of this, one partner is reduced and the other oxidized. While in acid-base reactions, H+ ions (protons) change from one partner to the other, in redox reactions electrons change partners. The partner that accepts electrons (oxidizing agent) is reduced, the other (reducing agent) is oxidized. Thus, the redox reaction can be divided into two half-reactions (redox pairs). In one reaction there is oxidation with the oxidation potential as the driving force, in the other there is reduction. The redox potential of both partners results from the sum of oxidation potential and redux potential. The "easier" one partner is oxidized and the "easier" the other partner is reduced, the higher the value of the common redox potential.
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The reducing power of an individual substance (element, cation, anion) is described by its redox potential: This variable is a measure of the willingness to give up electrons and thus convert to the oxidized form. The measured variable is the reduction/oxidation standard potential of a substance, measured under standard conditions against a standard reference hydrogen half cell.
In biochemical systems, the standard redox potential is defined at pH 7.0 against a Standard hydrogen electrode and for a partial pressure von hydrogen von 1 bar.
REDOX POTENTIAL AND HOMEOSTASIS
A fundamental functional principle of all living organisms is self-regulation, known as homeostasis. The principle of homeostasis states that an organism only survives if the physical, chemical and electrochemical parameters in its internal milieu are within a certain range and remain constant. The following applies: the closer the absorbed substances and their corresponding values come to the values of the inner milieu, the lower the energy expenditure that the organism has to expend for this adaptation. The human body also adapts everything it absorbs to its internal parameters.
The redox potential of human blood, calculated according to the Nernst equation taking the pH value into account, results in the following values:
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Arterial blood - about minus 57 mV
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Venous blood - about minus 7 mV
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The redox values of most foods and tap water are far above the body's own values. This means that many foods steal electrons from the body. The biological structures in the body (cell membranes, organelles, nucleic acids, etc.) are oxidized and subsequently damaged.
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Bacteria, fungi and viruses cannot withstand a redox voltage of 350 mV and die off.
No wonder: science.
The scientists at the IWH have succeeded in producing a stable hydrological concentrate which, at a ratio of 1:500, converts even the most contaminated water into clean drinking water. According to the WHO, by 2025 two billion people will be living in regions with absolute water shortages.
So there is a lot to do - and together we can make the difference.
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Acids
Acids are chemical compounds that are able to transfer one or more of their bonded H atoms as a proton (H) to a reaction partner, which must provide a free pair of electrons for each proton to be bonded. One then speaks of proton transfer reactions. Accordingly, the molecules that can bind protons are also referred to as proton acceptors.
It remains to be considered that H atoms bound to different atoms can also be released as protons with different ease. In general, one speaks of more or less strongly acidic protons or compounds. In purely aqueous solutions, the only reaction partner that can absorb the protons is water, the solvent. Oxonium ions, also known as hydronium ions (H30*), are then formed and the pH value of the solution falls. Acids react with so-called bases to form water and salts. A base is the opposite of an acid and can neutralize the acid.
Bases
In chemistry , bases are compounds that are able to form hydroxide ions (OH) in aqueous solution and thus increase the pH value of a solution. Hydroxide ions are chemical compounds that can accept protons from an acid to form a water molecule.
In addition, there are other definitions of the term bases of different acid-base concepts for a much broader range of chemical reactions that can extend beyond those of hydroxide ions in water. The concepts according to Lewis (Lewis base and Lewis acid) and those according to Pearson, who speaks of hard and soft acids and bases (HSAB concept), are particularly important.
“The answer has always been right before our eyes. But we have to start developing solutions from it."
The pH
pH is the inverse of the common logarithm (log to 10) of hydrogen ion activity. The higher the concentration of hydrogen ions in the solution, the lower the pH.
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Derived from the equilibrium constant for the autoprotolysis of water, a dilute, aqueous solution with a pH value of less than 7 is called acidic, with a pH value equal to 7 neutral and with a pH value greater than 7 basic or alkaline.
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The importance of pH using the example of human health.
The pH value plays an important role in countless vital metabolic processes. In humans, the tolerable pH of blood and cell fluid is limited to narrow ranges. So lie z. B. Normal arterial blood pH values in the range of 7.35-7.45. The prevailing pH value is set by the so-called blood buffer, a complex buffer system formed by the carbon dioxide dissolved in the blood, the anions of dissolved salts and the dissolved proteins. The pH value has a significant influence on the sugar metabolism (glycolysis), muscle activity and the spread of excitation in the heart, the vascular resistance and the oxygen binding of the blood by hemoglobin.
“Sometimes one almost believes that mankind has tried to follow the most complicated path for the last two hundred years. We just have to follow the example of nature."